There have previously been long-standing requests about showing all your deleted questions and answers on your profile (since you can view them anyway if you had a link to them) on the main meta, discussed with their pros and cons, which is currently status-declined, though. So the best way to support those efforts would be to engage into furthering those requests there, as that is actually an issue to be tackled on a network wide basis.
However, that linked request also provides part of a solution to the problem: If the question or answer was deleted during the last 60 days, you can already view them on your profile. There is a little link at the bottom of the questionsquestions/answersanswers page, which says "deleted recent questions/answers":
But if the deletion is really older than 60 days, you will only to be able to see the question if you have a link to it, which might not be easy to get. But if you have at least 10k reputation (which also enables you to view all deleted posts in general), you can search for your own deleted posts by including a deleted:yes
in any search queriessearch queries, as explained in this related meta question and its answers.